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Article History

Received: 16 August 2024

Accepted: 6 December 2024

First Online: 18 December 2024

Declarations

:

: The animal study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines set forth by the Ethics Committee of The Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee of Nanjing Medical University. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, with the permit number: 2021031085. All procedures performed in this study involving animals were in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines and the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health for the care and use of laboratory animals. The maximal tumor size permitted by our institutional ethics committee guidelines is 2 cm in diameter, or any tumor burden that does not cause significant discomfort, impaired mobility, or affect the well-being of the animal. We confirm that the maximal tumor size/burden as outlined by our ethics committee was not exceeded at any point during the study. In all cases, animals were closely monitored, and any discomfort or significant tumor growth was addressed promptly. In instances where tumors approached the size limit, animals were euthanized following the approved humane endpoints to avoid exceeding the permitted tumor burden.

: All authors reviewed this manuscript and agreed for publication.

: The authors declare that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.