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Article History

Received: 13 October 2024

Accepted: 11 February 2025

First Online: 15 February 2025

Declarations

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: The ethics governing the use and conduct of experiments on animals were strictly observed. The protocol was approved by the Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.(Ethics Approval Number: ACU240603). Proper permit and consent were obtained from the the Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine’s management, before the the mice and subcutaneous tumor samples were used for this experiment. According to the Guidelines for Ethical Review of Welfare of Chinese Experimental Animals and the relevant requirements of the Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (), the weight of the tumor should not exceed 10% of the normal body weight, and the diameter of the tumor on the body surface of adult mice should not exceed 20 mm in any direction, and the diameter of the tumor on the body surface of adult rats should not exceed 40 mm in any direction.(Guidelines for Ethical Review of Welfare of Chinese Experimental Animals (GB/T 35892–2018)). When an animal develops a tumor or is inoculated with a tumor, it should be observed at least 3 times per week, and more frequently when the tumor reaches 80% of its maximum. This animal experiment (Ethics Approval Number: ACU240603) was terminated by ethical approval when the committee confirmed that the maximum tumor size/burden was not exceeded.

: The content of the manuscript is original and that it has not been published or accepted for publication, either in whole or in part, in any form (other than as an abstract or other preliminary publication). And we confirm that no part of the manuscript is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

: The authors declare no competing interests.