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Article History

Received: 8 September 2024

Accepted: 14 February 2025

First Online: 20 February 2025

Declarations

:

: This is an observational study. The Research Ethics Committees (the Ethics Committee of the Jiangsu Province Hospital; the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College; the Ethics Committee of the Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine; the Ethics Committee of the Fujian Provincial Hospital; the Ethics Committee of the Yantai Hospital of Shandong Wendeng Orthopaedics & Traumatology; the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; the Ethics Committee of the Hainan Medical University First Affiliated Hospital; the Ethics Committee of the China-Japan Friendship Hospital) have confirmed that no ethical approval is required. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Written informed consent for treatment was obtained from all patients.

: The authors declare no competing interests.