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Authors
Zhang, Qiyu
Liang, Qiongyu
Xu, Chi
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2025
First Online: 7 May 2025
Declarations
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: Data extraction was conducted using SEER*Stat software (version 8.4.4) to obtain patient information. The SEER database is publicly available and de-identified. As this was a retrospective study utilizing SEER data without direct patient involvement, no additional ethics committee approval was required. Therefore, Human Ethics and Consent to Participate declarations werenotapplicable. Data collection and analysis followed the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines to ensure patient confidentiality and privacy. The ethics committee of Beijing No. 6 Hospital suggested that no human ethics review was needed.
: Since all participant information used in this study was obtained from the publicly available SEER database, informed consent was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
