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Article History

Received: 25 October 2024

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors confirm that the Institutional Review Board approved the research protocol: this study met all all guidelines outlined in the Helsinki Declaration and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (2020) L no. 2. Animal research also complied with the ethical requirements of the Animal Experiment Ethics Review Committee of Kunming Medical University (kmmu20220960). (i) Statement on the Maximum Tumor Size/Load Allowed by the Ethics Committee/IRB. This study strictly adhered to all ethical guidelines and regulations set by the Animal Experiment Ethics Review Committee of Kunming Medical University. According to our institution’s ethical review standards, for tumor research in mouse models, the Ethics Committee has specified a maximum allowable tumor diameter of 1.5 cm. This regulation aims to ensure adequate protection of animal health and welfare during the research process, while avoiding the pain and discomfort caused by excessive tumor growth. (ii) Statement Confirming that the Maximum Tumor Size/Load Has Not Been Exceeded. We hereby solemnly declare that all animal experiments in this study strictly comply with the Ethics Committee’s regulations regarding the maximum tumor size/load. Throughout the study, we closely monitored tumor growth in all experimental animals and observed their behavior and physiological status. At no point did we observe any experimental animal’s tumor size exceeding the maximum allowable value specified by the Ethics Committee.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.