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Authors
Ye, Tian Yi
Wu, Su Fang
Wang, Xiao Yun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272334)
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 9 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: Clinical data were obtained from Shanghai General Hospital. This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, as well as the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (Approval No. K-2024-115).
: As this study was a retrospective chart review study, the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital waived the requirement for informed consent.
