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Article History

Received: 28 July 2024

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This trial complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Clinical Trials Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Approval No. KY2020254). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University. No potentially identifying information or images of human participants are included in this article. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study conforms to the ARIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards, the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines(). EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978). The Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University (SWMU) stipulates that the Ethics Committee allows a tumor load of 2 cm or approximately 10% of the body weight of the mice, and the tumor sizes during tumor modeling of the mice involved in this study were in accordance with the regulations of the Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University. Animal experiments were carried out in accordance with animal care guidelines and were authorized by the Institutional Animal Care and Treatment Committee of Southwest Medical University (Luzhou, China) (approval No. SWMU20220042).

: The authors declare no competing interests.