Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 December 2024

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 14 June 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors of this study hereby solemnly declare that the methods employed in this research, whether involving human participants or animal subjects, strictly adhere to relevant international and domestic guidelines, regulations, and ethical standards.

: In the case of human studies, we followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as the applicable regulations for human medical research in China. All research procedures involving human participants were reviewed and approved in advance by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Hebei General Hospital (2023-KY-152). The written informed consent was obtained from every patient. In animal research, we strictly adhered to internationally recognized principles of animal welfare, as well as the relevant regulations governing the management of laboratory animals in China. According to the ethics approval document (the Research Ethics Committe of the second hospital of Hebei Medical University: 2023-AE304) obtained for this study, the Ethics Committee permits a tumor burden not exceeding 5% of the animal’s normal body weight in experiments involving animals, and no more than 10% in therapeutic studies. This limitation was established with careful consideration for the welfare of the experimental animals. Throughout the study, tumor size/burden was strictly monitored and recorded, ensuring that it did not exceed the maximum limit set by the Ethics Committee. The research team adhered strictly to ethical guidelines, ensuring the welfare of the experimental animals was maintained.

: The authors declare no competing interests.