Document is current

Article History

Received: 27 February 2025

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 24 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective clinical study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee of Linyi People’s Hospital (Approval No.: 202406-H-036).

: Informed consent to participate was waived by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee of Linyi People’s Hospital (Approval No.: 202406-H-036) for this retrospective study. This waiver was granted because the research involved the collection and analysis of existing clinical data, obtained through routine medical care, and the study presented no more than minimal risk to the subjects. All procedures performed were part of standard care, and obtaining individual consent was deemed impractical without compromising the scientific validity of the retrospective analysis. Patient data confidentiality was strictly maintained throughout the research process.

: Consent for publication was also waived by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee of Linyi People’s Hospital (Approval No.: 202406-H-036) for this retrospective study. All data presented in this manuscript have been anonymized to ensure the confidentiality and privacy of the individual participants. No personally identifiable information (including images, names, hospital IDs, or any unique identifiers) is included.

: The authors declare no competing interests.