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Authors
Huang, Feng
Alshehade, Salah A.
Zhao, Wei Guo
Li, Zhuo Ya
Fong, Jung Yin
Ng, Chin Tat
Chen, Li
Chinnappan, Sasikala
Alshawsh, Mohammed Abdullah
Venkatachalam, Karthikkumar
Selvaraja, Malarvili
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centre for Research Excellence, UCSI University (REIG-FPS-2023/040.)
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2025
Accepted: 25 July 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
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: Not Applicable. This study exclusively utilized commercially available colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29) and publicly accessible bioinformatics data from GEO, TCGA, and HPA databases. The use of cell lines and pre-existing anonymized public data does not require ethical approval under institutional or national guidelines. This study did not generate or involve the use of any personally identifiable information (e.g., patient images, genomic sequences linked to individuals). All public database analyses complied with their respective data access policies and publication guidelines.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
