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Exploring the causal relationship between hemoglobin and pancreatic cancer and its potential mechanisms through bioinformatics and Mendelian randomization

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03352-y

Published Online: 2025-08-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wang, Shuai

Huang, Shanshan

Ren, Xiaohui

Zhang, Hengheng

Tian, Yuan

Luo, Ziqi

Wang, Hongbin
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-08-05

Version of Record valid from 2025-08-05
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Article History

Received: 3 April 2025

Accepted: 30 July 2025

First Online: 5 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was based on a public database and did not require an ethical review.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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