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Authors
Liu, Xinqi
Xu, Xu
Ye, Peizhi
Jiang, Zhenglong
Tian, Le
Yin, Yukun
Feng, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32470963)
Beijing Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BJZYYB-2023-69)
China National Center for Biotechnology Development, National Health Commission, Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0502500)
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 1 August 2025
First Online: 7 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized publicly available summary-level GWAS data and did not require additional ethical approval. All original studies from which the data were derived (UK Biobank and FinnGen) obtained appropriate ethical approval from their respective institutional review boards and ethics committees. The UK Biobank study received ethical approval from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/0382), and the FinnGen study was approved by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) and the Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS). No direct participant consent was required for this study as it exclusively used publicly available summary-level GWAS data. All participants in the original studies (UK Biobank and FinnGen) provided informed consent for participation in genetic research, including the use of their anonymized data in approved research projects. The current study did not involve direct contact with participants or access to individual-level data.
: No specific consent to publish was required for this study as it utilized publicly available summary-level GWAS data that have been previously published and made available for research purposes. All original studies obtained appropriate consent from participants for the publication of research findings derived from their anonymized data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
