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Authors
Shih, Yu-Hsiang
Yang, Chiao-Yu
Lung, Chia-Chi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chung Shan Medical University (CSMU-INT-113-14)
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Article History
Received: 24 February 2025
Accepted: 7 August 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval from the Institutional Review Board at Taichung Veterans General Hospital was obtained. (Approval number: CE24064C, TCVGH). This study was conducted using de-identified data from the TriNetX Research Network. As the data are anonymized and no patient identifiers were accessed, informed consent was not required.
: This study used de-identified data from the TriNetX Research Network. No individual patient data are reported, and no identifiable images or personal information are included in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
