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Authors
He, Xu
Chen, Peng
Zhao, Zhihao
Choe, HyokChol
Ali, Tanveer
Ding, Kaiyue
Wu, Xingchen
Ma, Junnan
Zhang, Lin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1907113)
Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2023010109-JH2/1013)
Distinguished Young Scholars in Dalian ((2022RJ19)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Dalian medical university(Approval No.AEE23102) and conducted in strict compliance with the Basel Declaration guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals. The maximal tumor burden permitted in this study was defined as 1500 mm3, and no tumor in any experimental subject exceeded this threshold. Humane endpoints were implemented to ensure animal welfare. Mice were euthanized via cervical dislocation under anesthesia (isoflurane inhalation) when tumors approached the size limit.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
