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Authors
Li, Feng
Yang, Zhi
Lin, Na
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371567)
the First-Class Discipline Team of Skin & Mucosal Regenerative Medicine of Kunming Medical University (2024XKTDTS10)
Xingdian Talent Support Program
Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medical Center for Cutaneous Immunological Diseases (2024YNLCYXZX0033)
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Article History
Received: 25 May 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: Not applicable. This study utilized publicly available, de-identified data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Since no new human participants were recruited and no identifiable private information was accessed or generated, ethical approval for this specific retrospective analysis was not required. The original TCGA study protocols received approval from the relevant Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the original TCGA study. Given the exclusive use of de-identified, publicly available data from TCGA in this secondary analysis, obtaining new consent to participate was not required.
: Informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants during their enrollment in the original TCGA study. Given the exclusive use of de-identified, aggregated data in this analysis, separate consent for publication is not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
