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Authors
Dong, Lei
Yang, Feng
Wang, Xue
Zhang, Wei
Song, Jucai
Jiao, Panpan
Kang, Mengjie
Guo, Qianqian
Si, Liangzhu
Zhang, Shuhan
Huang, Mei
Luo, Linshan
Li, Yongwei
Gong, Yuesheng
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Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Zhengzhou Anorectal Hospital, and were performed in accordance with the ARIVE guidelinesĀ and National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of Laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978). Once the tumor volume reaches or exceeds 1000 cubic millimeters (mm 3 ), the mice were immediately euthanized to prevent unnecessary suffering.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
