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Authors
Liu, Wei-Hsiu
Lee, Cheng-Chin
Chang, Yu-Jia
Lee, Ai-Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-7391
Huang, Chien-Yu
Vo, Tuan Ngoc Anh
Wu, Yung-Fu
Lin, Jang-Chun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-5604
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-IRB No.: 1-107-05-107, project code: TSGH-C107-069) and the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB No.: N201805021), in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The need for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-IRB No.: 1-107-05-107) and the Joint Institutional Review Board of Taipei Medical University (TMU-JIRB No.: N201805021), as the study involved retrospective analysis of de-identified archived human tissue specimens and publicly available datasets.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
