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Authors
Yang, Lin
Li, Congcong
Mi, Yuanyuan
Shao, Ning
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: As the dataset utilized is publicly accessible and de-identified, ethical approval was not required for this research. All analyses and findings in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the scientific community. The data used in this study were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database ( ), which is a publicly available and de-identified database. Therefore, obtaining informed consent from patients and ethical approval from an institutional review board were not required for this analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
