Document is current

Article History

Received: 20 May 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The animal experiments in this study were approved by Dongguan People’s Hospital Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee. All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in strict accordance with the Basel Declaration and were approved by the Dongguan People’s Hospital Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee. All methods were performed following relevant institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations of human ethics committee. The maximal tumor size permitted by our institutional ethics committee (Dongguan People’s Hospital Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee) is 1500 mm 3 . We confirm that the maximal tumor size was not exceeded during this study. All tumor measurements remained below this threshold throughout the experimental period, with interventions performed when tumor volumes approached 300–400 mm 3 as specified in our approved protocol.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.