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Article History

Received: 17 May 2025

Accepted: 11 November 2025

First Online: 13 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The SEER database is an open database, so we didn’t require institutional review board approval. This study didn’t require informed consent because the data was extracted from public databases, and the information is anonymous.

: The author confirms: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, or thesis); that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any; that its publication has been approved (tacitly or explicitly) by the responsible authorities at the institution where the work carried out. The author agrees to publication in the Journal indicated below and also to publication of the article in English by Springer in Springer’s (Discover Oncology) corresponding English-language journal. The copyright to the English-language article is transferred to Springer (Discover Oncology) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute to article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature. After submission of the agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted by Springer (Discover Oncology).

: The authors declare no competing interests.