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Article History

Received: 1 June 2025

Accepted: 13 November 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The present study is based on publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). All analyses were performed in strict compliance with the data use guidelines and policies of TCGA. Since the data used are de-identified and publicly accessible, formal ethics approval and informed consent were not required for this study, in accordance with the respective database policies.

: Not applicable. This study exclusively used publicly available, de-identified data from TCGA and other databases; therefore, no direct participation or informed consent from human subjects was required.

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.