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Article History

Received: 23 May 2025

Accepted: 14 November 2025

First Online: 23 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of zhejiang provincial people's hospital and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical guidelines of the hospital’s institutional review board. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of zhejiang provincial people'sHospital in accordance with the national ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. As this was a retrospective analysis of archival tissue samples and clinical data collected between January 2021 and January 2024, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of zhejiang provincial people's Hospital due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data. All patient identifiers were removed, and data were analyzed anonymously. The waiver of consent for the retrospective data analysis was granted in accordance with national regulations for retrospective studies using de-identified patient data.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.