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Authors
Li, Zeyu
Wang, Xinyu
Li, Minghao
Zhang, Genghui
Zhang, Ye
Wang, Xuning
Zhang, Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Liaoning province livelihood science and technology joint plan (2024JH2/102600293)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: As the data used in this study were obtained from publicly available SEER data, all data-related research had previously received approval from their respective ethical review committees and had obtained written informed consent from the participants. Consequently, this study does not require additional ethical approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
