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Authors
Elwakkad, Amany
Gamal el Din, Amina A.
Hebishy, Mohamed A.
Abou-Seif, Howida S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Centre Egypt
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: All animal procedures were approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt (Approval No. 19–204), and were conducted in accordance with ELAC guidelines and institutional regulations for the humane use of laboratory animals. In accordance with ELAC recommendations, subcutaneous tumors in rats must not exceed a maximum diameter of 4.0 cm, and in cases of multiple tumors, their combined diameter must remain within this limit. Throughout the study, no animal reached or exceeded the permitted maximal tumor size or burden. Animals were monitored regularly, with daily assessments initiated once tumors became palpable, and humane endpoints were strictly applied to prevent any undue distress.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
