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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Accepted: 25 November 2025

First Online: 7 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All experimental procedures and clinical data collection were conducted in strict accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research involving human subjects. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of BINO Hospital, Bahawalpur, Pakistan under the approval ID BINO/BC-2023-IRB-141. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, ensuring their voluntary participation and awareness of the study objectives. Patient confidentiality and data security were maintained by anonymizing all clinical records and histopathological images before analysis. The entire data handling process adhered to institutional, national, and international ethical guidelines, ensuring full compliance with established standards for biomedical research and clinical data governance.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.