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Authors
Zheng, Hongya
He, Lin
Song, Yue
Zhao, Shuang
Pan, Shuang
Zhang, Shuang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2021M693820)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities in Heilongjiang Province (2024-KYYWF-0153)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study complies with SEER database usage protocols. The use of de-identified publicly available data exempted it from institutional ethics review.
: The clinical data in this retrospective study were collected from the publicly available SEER database, so informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
