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Authors
Shi, Meiqin
Song, Ping
Du, Kun
Tao, Lei
Zhang, Duo
Wu, Chunping
Wu, Jianfang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Nursing Association (2023QN-B05)
the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality under grand (24010703200)
Fudan University Fosun Nursing Research Fund (FNF202544)
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Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Ethics Committee and was approved by the same committee (approval number: 2024183). The protocol was carried out in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and relevant national regulations.
: The need for written informed consent was waived by the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University Ethics Committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
