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Authors
Zhang, Jinzhu
Quan, Jichuan
Liu, Shucheng
Zhao, Zhixun
Liu, Hengchang
Tang, Jianqiang
Chen, Haipeng
Wang, Xishan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Chaoyang District Science and Technology Program (D13221)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072732)
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 22/442–3644). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was waived by the ethics committee of Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 22/442–3644) due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
