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Authors
Niu, Xiaochen
Guo, Aijie
Liu, Xuanchen
Li, Hao
Ji, Hongming
Wang, Chunhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanxi Basic Research Program (202103021224386)
Shanxi Basic Research Program (202103021224380)
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: For the analyses based on public datasets (TCGA, CGGA, GEO, HPA, and TISCH2), no ethical approval was required. For experiments involving human tissue samples, approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital (Approval No. 2023 − 408). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations of the institution and with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians prior to sample collection.
: Written informed consent for publication of anonymized data derived from the patient samples was obtained from all participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
