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Authors
Ni, Lingqin
Li, Luqi
Li, De
Ding, Yan
Xu, Jilin
Ying, Shenpeng
Liu, Yanmei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing science and technology innovation medical development fund (KC2021-JX-0186-136)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of TaiZhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital) and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki (Reference number 2020 K-09-03 and approval date October 9th 2020). This study is a retrospective analysis of anonymized clinical data. The consent for participation was waived as the research involved no additional risk, used previously collected data, and maintained strict confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
