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Article History

Received: 21 May 2025

Accepted: 9 December 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: In accordance with French regulations: Law No. 2012 − 300 of March 5, 2012, on research; Law No. 2021 − 1017 of August 2, 2021, on bioethics; Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 27, 2016, on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (GDPR); and Law No. 78 − 17 of January 6, 1978, on information technology, files, and civil liberties, the ethical approval was obtained from the local hospital committee before collecting data which approved the study and waived the requirement for written informed consent due to its retrospective design (Institut Curie institutional review board, Paris, France, approval number: DATA230001). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to the reference Methodology 004 under a non-opposition framework. All patients were informed about the use of their health data for research purposes and given the opportunity to express non-opposition in accordance with the French MR004 methodology. Twelve patients expressed their opposition to the reuse of their data, and their records were therefore excluded from the study (Flow chart Fig. 1).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.