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Authors
Qiu, Yuxin
Meng, Xiangdi
Chang, Xiaolong
Zhang, Yan
Hao, Furong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5402-0109
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Weifang Science and Technology Bureau (2022RKX015)
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Declarations
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: All the procedures followed were in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (as revised in 2013). This was a retrospective observational study involving anonymized patient data. The Institutional Review Board of Weifang People’s Hospital confirmed that formal ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this study. The need for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Weifang People’s Hospital because this study was a retrospective analysis using anonymized patient data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
