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Authors
Hou, Xinrui
Zhang, Zhendong
Cao, Mingyuan
Du, Yuxin
Wang, Xiaoping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82460515)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82460515)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82460515)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82460515)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82460515)
Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBMS-1088)
Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBMS-1088)
Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBMS-1088)
Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBMS-1088)
Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province (2025JC-YBMS-1088)
Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Xizang Autonomous Region (LSKJ202447)
Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Xizang Autonomous Region (LSKJ202447)
Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Xizang Autonomous Region (LSKJ202447)
Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Xizang Autonomous Region (LSKJ202447)
Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Xizang Autonomous Region (LSKJ202447)
Key R&D Projects of Xianyang Municipal Science and Technology Programme (L2024-ZDYF-SF-0025)
Key R&D Projects of Xianyang Municipal Science and Technology Programme (L2024-ZDYF-SF-0025)
Key R&D Projects of Xianyang Municipal Science and Technology Programme (L2024-ZDYF-SF-0025)
Key R&D Projects of Xianyang Municipal Science and Technology Programme (L2024-ZDYF-SF-0025)
Key R&D Projects of Xianyang Municipal Science and Technology Programme (L2024-ZDYF-SF-0025)
Graduate research innovation and practice projects of Xizang Minzu University (Y2025140)
Graduate research innovation and practice projects of Xizang Minzu University (Y2025140)
Graduate research innovation and practice projects of Xizang Minzu University (Y2025140)
Graduate research innovation and practice projects of Xizang Minzu University (Y2025140)
Graduate research innovation and practice projects of Xizang Minzu University (Y2025140)
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: The animal study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xizang Minzu University, Xizang Minzu University. The ethical approval stipulated that the maximal permitted tumor burden should not exceed 1.5 cm in any diameter, or 10% of the animal’s body weight, and that animals should exhibit no signs of significant distress or impairment of normal activities [50]. All experiments were terminated, and animals were euthanized before this predetermined tumor size/burden limit was reached. The study was conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
