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Authors
Ye, Jiabin
Lin, Zhifeng
Dai, Rongrong
Wang, Jianwen
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 21 December 2025
Declarations
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: The SEER database provides publicly available data for this study, which means that obtaining informed consent from ethical approval from an institutional review board is not necessary. We obtained access to the 1979–2019 SEER Research Data File by signing a Data-Use Agreement that outlines the terms and conditions for access. The SEER database provides publicly available data for this study, which means that obtaining informed consent from participants from an institutional review board is not necessary.
: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
