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Authors
Li, Yumiao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-8432
Sui, Xian
Song, Zizheng
Wei, Yidi
Wu, Bailin
Li, Nan
Han, Guiliang
Zhao, Guofa
Zhu, Yuanxue
Zhang, Hongxin
Zang, Aimin
Jia, Youchao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-5836
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Baoding Municipal Science and Technology Program (2041ZF316)
the Scientific Research Fund Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University (2022ZB04)
Medical Science Foundation of Hebei University (2021B15)
2022 Hebei Province Government Foundation for Clinical Medical Talent Training Projects (361007)
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
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: All authors assume full responsibility for the integrity of the work and have approved the final manuscript. All animal studies complied with the ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) and were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Hebei University Affiliated Hospital (Approval No. 2021002SM). In compliance with ethical guidelines, the maximum allowable diameter for subcutaneous tumors was established at 1.5 cm. Throughout the study, all tumor dimensions remained within this predetermined threshold, with no specimens exceeding the ethical limit at experimental termination. Not applicable.
: The authors confirm that all authors consented to the publication of the final manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
