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Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 26 January 2026

Declarations

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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (No.2025-E0872). The maximal tumor size/burden permitted by the Ethics Committee was such that the experiment would be terminated when the tumor reached “15 mm × 15 mm”. However, It should be pointed out that although the diameters of the vast majority of tumors were under 15 mm, a few tumors reached approximately 17 mm in diameter at the time of experiment termination due to the irregular shape of the tumors and resultant in vivo not entirely accurate assessment of tumor size. Although this exceeded a bit the standard set by the Ethics Committee, it remained below the NIH guideline of ≤ 20 mm. Therefore, we believe that this study still conforms to the general principles of animal ethics. All patients signed a written informed consent before participation in the study.

: All participants provided consent for the data to be published in scientific publications.

: The authors declare no competing interests.