Lan, Huai
Zhang, Chao
Huang, Xinyi
Sun, Boxuan
Zhu, Li
Wang, Yuan
Yu, Liming
Wang, Huishan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenyang Science and Technology Project (22-321-33-36)
the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2023-MSLH-349)
Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for this study was not required because the analysis is based on previously collected, de-identified data from the public TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. The use of this database for secondary analysis is consistent with its data use policies. The informed consent for the original data collection was obtained by the TCGA research network from all participants. As this study is a secondary analysis of existing data, additional consent to participate was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.