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Authors
Li, Qian
Guo, Peng
Chen, Keying
Gu, Jing
Sun, Na
Deng, Yating
Wang, Fei
Ding, Jun
Liu, Jinyi
Han, Fei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073137)
Future Medical Youth Innovation Team of Chongqing Medical University (W0151)
the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0985)
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: All animal procedures adhered to the National Institute of Health guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University. In accordance with ethical requirements, the maximum tumour size is 2.0 cm in diameter in any direction, confirming that the maximum tumour size was not exceeded in this study. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Daping Hospital and Southwest Hospital (NO. 2009-9-10), and all experiments were performed in accordance with approved guidelines of Army Medical University. Informed consent was signed by all the recruited patients. All patients signed informed consent forms and agreed to provide clinical data for research purposes. All patient samples used in the study had appropriate ethical clearance and the study complied with all relevant guidelines and ethical regulations for human research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
