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Article History

Received: 19 October 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilized publicly available datasets and did not involve new experiments on human participants or animals performed by the authors. Therefore, ethical approval was not required for this secondary analysis. Given that the data analyzed are aggregated, de-identified, and publicly available for research purposes, and that all source studies obtained necessary ethical approvals and participant consent, this study is exempt from requiring additional consent in accordance with relevant national/institutional ethical guidelines..

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.