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Authors
Morandi, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-9760
Farneti, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0088-0987
Leucci, Anna Caterina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-6524
Querzoli, Giulia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6944-6508
Melotti, Sofia https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2954-1348
Camagni, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3785-3501
Galli, Paolo https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2445-5611
Sollini, Giacomo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-0184
Franchi, Alessandro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1332-5838
Tonon, Caterina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-499X
Lodi, Raffaele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3878-304X
Pasquini, Ernesto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-0387
Foschini, Maria Pia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-7260
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NextGenerationEU (RENASCENCE; M6/C2_CALL 2023 Full Proposal)
NextGenerationEU (RENASCENCE M6/C2_CALL 2023 Full Proposal)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Area Vasta Emilia Centro della Regione Emilia-Romagna CE-AVEC, Institutional ethic board approval N° 98-2022-SPER-AUSLBO). All information regarding the human material used in this study was managed using anonymous numerical codes, they were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All subjects included in the present study were informed and gave written informed consent. All participants provided signed written informed consent for this study.
: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript for publication.
: Luca Morandi is one of the founders and has a minority share in Studium Genetics Srl, a spin-off company of the University of Bologna. He is also one of the inventors of the patent related to the algorithm based on 13 gene methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cited in this work. However, we believe that this is a natural step of translational research (bench-to-bedside) and guarantee that the scientific results are true. The remaining authors declare no competing interest related to the present study.
