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Authors
Gao, Liangbin
Wang, Bin
Wang, Jiamin
Chen, Yu
Li, Ning
An, Wei
Li, Zhilin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (202103021224374, 202403021221256)
Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (202103021224374, 202403021221256)
the scientific research project of Health Commission of Shanxi Province (2024100)
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: The analysis of public datasets was conducted using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which are de-identified and publicly available. Therefore, this part of the study did not require separate ethical approval. The use of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue samples for quantitative PCR validation in this study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital(Approval Number: 2021005). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable for the public database analysis. All participants (or their legal guardians) who provided tissue samples have consented to the publication of the anonymized research results derived from their samples.
: Not applicable for the public database analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants (or their legal guardians) who provided tissue samples for the experimental validation part of this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
