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Exploring the toxicological impact of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) exposure on bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) through network toxicology, machine learning, and multi-dimensional bioinformatics analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-026-04564-6

Published Online: 2026-02-09

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Shi, Zhiyao

Yang, Xiaokun

Liu, Yichan

Gao, Yu

Liu, Jiajia

Wang, Limin

Wang, Xixing
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department (02103021224437)

Shanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department ([2019]61)

State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China (2022-245)

Health Commission of Shanxi Province (2020TD04)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-09

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-02-09
More Information

Article History

Received: 11 October 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 9 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study is a bioinformatics analysis based on publicly available datasets and does not involve direct experimentation on humans, animals, or human/animal-derived biological samples. No ethical approval or informed consent was required for this study, as all data used are de-identified and publicly accessible in compliance with relevant database policies.

: Not applicable. All data used in this manuscript are from publicly available repositories and contain no personally identifiable information of any individual participant.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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