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Authors
An, Qingzheng
Cui, Fengyun
Shi, Guangming
Ni, Longkun
Xiao, Kun
Tian, Feng
Chen, Yuezhi
Li, Leping
Jing, Changqing
Lian, Guodong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Department of Science and Technology (WSR2023006)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 8 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects of Shandong Provincial Hospital, with a waiver of informed consent due to the retrospective design and use of de-identified data. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects of Shandong Provincial Hospital because of the retrospective study design and use of archived specimens and de-identified clinical data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
