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Authors
Liu, Wenyi
Xie, Shuhan
Wu, Xianxian
Wang, Chunguang
Yu, Xin
Du, Longde
Zhang, Baihua
Yu, Zhentao
Kang, Mingqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (RCBS20221008093243057)
Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM202211011)
Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund (SZXK075)
Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372680 and 82070499)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024B1515230005)
the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding and Cooperation Fund of CHCAMS and SZCH (CFA202201001)
Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Cancer ((2021)287)
Joint Funds for the Innovation of Science and Technology (2020Y9073)
the Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China, and Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (RCBS20221008093243057)
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study used de-identified data from the SEER database and was exempt from Institutional Review Board review under U.S. regulations. Not applicable, as no direct patient interaction occurred and data were anonymized.
: During the writing process of this work, the authors used Deepseek-R1 in order to improve language only. After using this tool/service, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
: Not applicable due to the use of de-identified registry data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
