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Authors
Shi, Xiaohe
Liu, Yinliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hebei Health Commission (20240965)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: The use of NHANES data in this study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). SEER data constitute publicly available, de-identified information, and its use complies with relevant U.S. laws and regulations. All NHANES participants provided written informed consent prior to the survey, agreeing to the use of their data for scientific research.
: All authors have consented to the publication of this manuscript.
: Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
