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Authors
Sun, Fengze
Zhang, Dongxu
Ma, Xiaohong
Wang, Lin
Ma, Jian
Wu, Jitao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2023QH271)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (ZR2023QH241)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370690)
Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (tsqn201909199)
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Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict alignment with the ethical principles and guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of the Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital granted approval for this research (Ethical Number: 2024 − 137). The study obtained written informed consent from all patients for their participation. The authors affirm that human research participants provided formal informed consent for participation of the images in Figures and Tables.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
