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Article History

Received: 13 May 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethic Committee of School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University (Jinan, Shandong Province, China), the approval number is ECSBMSSDU2022-1-093. All volunteers gave their written informed consent prior to their inclusion of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: All participants consented to the dissemination of the microbiota analysis outcomes derived from this particular sampling effort.

: The authors declare no competing interests.