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Authors
Yang, Zhengzheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-7315
Yang, Qianru
Li, Shujiao
Han, Ruiyang
He, Haiqiu
Zhang, Runze
Li, Haiming
Li, Yudong
Cheng, Peiyu
Liu, Xiawei
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study adheres to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national and international guidelines. All data used were obtained from TCGA and the GEO public databases, where patient consent and ethical approval were secured. The data are de-identified and freely available for research purposes. Therefore, this study does not involve any additional ethical concerns. All datasets analyzed in this work were obtained from TCGA and GEO, for which participant informed consent and ethics approval were obtained by the original data generators. Because the present study involved only secondary analyses of de-identified public data, no further participant consent was required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
