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Authors
Que, Fan
He, Lingxiao
Qin, Dan
Ding, Rulei
Zheng, Xiaoli
Tang, Yong
Nie, Minhai
Liu, Xuqian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Project of Oral Health Promotion and Oral Medicine Development in Western Regions for Clinical Research Fund of the Chinese Stomatological Medical Association (CSA-W2025-07)
Southwest Medical University Technology Program, (2024KQZX03)
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Southwest Medical University and by the local National Health Service research ethics committee in accordance with the ethical standards for medica research involving human subjects, as laid out in the1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Prior to participation, all subjects were fully informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
