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Article History

Received: 25 December 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 18 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study solely involved secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus, with no direct involvement of human or animal subjects. Therefore, additional approval from an institutional ethics committee was not required. The data used in this study were sourced from public databases. Informed consent for participation was obtained from all participants in the original studies during initial data collection. No additional consent was required for this secondary analysis of de-identified data.

: Consent for publication of the data was obtained within the original studies at the time of their dataset deposition. No additional consent for publication was required for this secondary analysis of the de-identified data.

: The authors declare no competing interests.